Whether you are a resident of Australia or a non-resident of Australia for tax purposes has significant consequences for you.

Primarily, if you are a resident of Australia for tax purposes, you will be liable for tax in Australia on the income you derive from all sources – including, of course, from overseas (e.g., an overseas bank account, rental property, an interest in a foreign business, etc.).

On the other hand, if you are a non-resident of Australia for tax purposes, you will only be liable for tax on income that is sourced in Australia (including capital gains on certain property, such as real estate in Australia).

While there may be difficulty in determining the source of income in some cases, if you are a resident for tax purposes, the principle of liability for tax in Australia on income from all sources remains clear.

Resident of Australia for tax purposes

So, what does it mean to be a resident of Australia for tax purposes?

Well, broadly, it means you “reside” in Australia (as commonly understood), unless the Commissioner is satisfied that your permanent place of abode is outside Australia.

However, a recent decision of the Federal Court has shed some light on this matter, especially the often misunderstood presumption that “connections with Australia” are all that count.

“Connections with Australia”

The Federal Court case involved a mechanical engineer who was posted to Dubai for a period of six years, followed by a posting to Thailand, but who had continuous family ties to Australia (in that he financially supported his wife and daughters who were living in Perth).

Originally, the taxpayer was found to be a resident of Australia for tax purposes, essentially because of his continuous ties to Australia and the fact that he did not establish personal ties overseas while he was living there (other than via his work commitments).

However, the Court found that “connections with Australia” was not the key test but rather the key matter was where one intended to treat as a home for the time being, but not necessarily forever, i.e., not necessarily “permanently”.

Likewise, it said that the matter of residency is worked out on an income-year basis (ie, one particular year of income at a time) and it doesn’t mean a person has to have the intention of living in a particular location forever.

Among other things, the case may have implications for people who work overseas on a contract basis for periods of time but still maintain family ties to Australia.

It may also mean that closer scrutiny will have to be paid to determine a person’s residency on a year-by-year basis, not just “locking” them into a residency or non-residency status from the beginning of any relevant change in their circumstances.

And of course, there is also the key issue of when, in fact, your residency status may change!

We are here to help

Suffice it to say, if you find yourself in any such circumstances (eg, you undertake a foreign posting for a period or you decide to move overseas for some time but still maintain connections here), you will need to speak to us about your residency status and the tax implications thereof.